A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.3, Security Update 2021-002 Catalina. A malicious application may bypass Gatekeeper checks. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..