Writeup Exploits
46,586 exploits tracked across all sources.
FreeScout vulnerable to SSRF via IMAP/SMTP Connection Test Endpoints
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Versions prior to 1.8.213 have a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the IMAP/SMTP connection test functionality of FreeScout's `MailboxesController`. Three AJAX actions `fetch_test` (line 731), `send_test` (line 682), and `imap_folders` (line 773) in `app/Http/Controllers/MailboxesController.php` pass admin-configured `in_server`/`in_port` and `out_server`/`out_port` values directly to `fsockopen()` via `Helper::checkPort()` and to IMAP/SMTP client connections with zero SSRF protection. There is no IP validation, no hostname restriction, no blocklist of internal ranges, and no call to the project's own `sanitizeRemoteUrl()` or `checkUrlIpAndHost()` functions. The validation block in `connectionIncomingSave()` is entirely commented out. An authenticated admin can configure a mailbox's IMAP or SMTP server to point at any internal host and port, then trigger a connection test. The server opens raw TCP connections (via `fsockopen()`) and protocol-level connections (via IMAP client or SMTP transport) to the attacker-specified target. The response differentiates open from closed ports, enabling internal network port scanning. When the IMAP client connects to a non-IMAP service, the target's service banner or error response is captured in the IMAP debug log and returned in the AJAX response's `log` field, making this a semi-blind SSRF that enables service fingerprinting. In cloud environments, the metadata endpoint at `169[.]254[.]169[.]254` can be probed and partial response data may be leaked through protocol error messages. This is distinct from the `sanitizeRemoteUrl()` redirect bypass (freescout-3) -- different code path, different root cause, different protocol layer. Version 1.8.213 patches the vulnerability.
CVSS 4.1
FreeScout has HTML Injection in Outgoing Emails via Unsanitized Customer Name in Signature Variables
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.213, an unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary HTML into outgoing emails generated by FreeScout by sending an email with a crafted From display name. The name is stored in the database without sanitization and rendered unescaped into outgoing reply emails via the `{%customer.fullName%}` signature variable. This allows embedding phishing links, tracking pixels, and spoofed content inside legitimate support emails sent from the organization's address. Version 1.8.213 fixes the issue.
CVSS 5.8
FreeScout Vulnerable to XSS via Mailbox Signature Due to Incomplete HTML Sanitization
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Versions prior to 1.8.213 have a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the mailbox signature feature. The sanitization function `Helper::stripDangerousTags()` (`app/Misc/Helper.php:568`) uses an incomplete blocklist of only four HTML tags (`script`, `form`, `iframe`, `object`) and does not remove event handler attributes. When a mailbox signature is saved via `MailboxesController::updateSave()` (`app/Http/Controllers/MailboxesController.php:267`), HTML elements such as `<img>`, `<svg>`, and `<details>` with event handler attributes like `onerror` and `onload` pass through sanitization unchanged and are stored in the database. The signature is then rendered as raw HTML via the Blade `{!! !!}` tag in `editor_bottom_toolbar.blade.php:6` and re-inserted into the visible DOM by jQuery `.html()` at `main.js:1789-1790`, triggering the injected event handlers. Any authenticated user with the `ACCESS_PERM_SIGNATURE` (`sig`) permission on a mailbox -- a delegatable, non-admin permission -- can inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript into the mailbox signature. The payload fires automatically, with no victim interaction, whenever any agent or administrator opens any conversation in the affected mailbox. This enables session hijacking (under CSP bypass conditions such as IE11 or module-weakened CSP), phishing overlays that work in all browsers regardless of CSP, and chaining to admin-level actions including email exfiltration via mass assignment and self-propagating worm behavior across all mailboxes. Version 1.8.213 fixes the issue.
CVSS 8.5
FreeScout's Mass Assignment in Mailbox Connection Settings Enables Silent Email Exfiltration
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Versions prior to 1.8.213 have a mass assignment vulnerability in the mailbox connection settings endpoints of FreeScout (`connectionIncomingSave()` at `app/Http/Controllers/MailboxesController.php:468` and `connectionOutgoingSave()` at line 398). Both methods pass `$request->all()` directly to `$mailbox->fill()` without any field allowlisting, allowing an authenticated admin to overwrite any of the 32 fields in the Mailbox model's `$fillable` array -- including security-critical fields that do not belong to the connection settings form, such as `auto_bcc`, `out_server`, `out_password`, `signature`, `auto_reply_enabled`, and `auto_reply_message`. Validation in `connectionIncomingSave()` is entirely commented out, and the validator in `connectionOutgoingSave()` only checks value formats for SMTP fields without stripping extra parameters. An authenticated admin user can exploit this by appending hidden parameters (e.g., `[email protected]`) to a legitimate connection settings save request. Because the `auto_bcc` field is not displayed on the connection settings form (it only appears on the general mailbox settings page), the injection is invisible to other administrators reviewing connection settings. Once set, every outgoing email from the affected mailbox is silently BCC'd to the attacker via the `SendReplyToCustomer` job. The same mechanism allows redirecting outgoing SMTP through an attacker-controlled server, injecting tracking pixels or phishing links into email signatures, and enabling attacker-crafted auto-replies -- all from a single HTTP request. This is particularly dangerous in multi-admin environments where one admin can silently surveil mailboxes managed by others, and when an admin session is compromised via a separate vulnerability (e.g., XSS), the attacker gains persistent email exfiltration that survives session expiry. Version 1.8.213 fixes the issue.
CVSS 9.0
FreeScout's Missing Authorization in load_customer_info Allows Any Authenticated User to Access Full Customer PII
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.213, the `load_customer_info` action in `POST /conversation/ajax` returns complete customer profile data to any authenticated user without verifying mailbox access. An attacker only needs a valid email address to retrieve all customer PII. Version 1.8.213 fixes the issue.
UltraDAG: SmartOp Vote Path Triggers Fatal Supply Invariant Halt
UltraDAG is a minimal DAG-BFT blockchain in Rust. In version 0.1, a non-council attacker can submit a signed SmartOp::Vote transaction that passes signature, nonce, and balance prechecks, but fails authorization only after state mutation has already occurred.
FreeScout has Customer Edit Cross-Mailbox Email Takeover
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.214, a low-privileged agent can edit a visible customer and add an email address already owned by a hidden customer in another mailbox. The server discloses the hidden customer’s name and profile URL in the success flash, reassigns the hidden email to the visible customer, and rebinds hidden-mailbox conversations for that email to the visible customer. Version 1.8.214 fixes the issue.
CVSS 7.6
FreeScout's Customer AJAX Create Modifies Hidden Existing Customer
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.214, the Change Customer modal exposes a “Create a new customer” flow via POST /customers/ajax with action=create. Under limited visibility, the endpoint drops unique-email validation. If the supplied email already belongs to a hidden customer, Customer::create() reuses that hidden customer object and fills empty profile fields from attacker-controlled input. Version 1.8.214 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 4.3
FreeScout: Improper Authorization in Phone Conversation Creation Enables Cross-Mailbox Hidden Customer Modification
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.214, the phone-conversation creation flow accepts attacker-controlled `customer_id`, `name`, `to_email`, and `phone` values and resolves the target customer in the backend without enforcing mailbox-scoped customer visibility. As a result, a low-privileged agent who can create a phone conversation in Mailbox A can bind the new Mailbox A phone conversation to a hidden customer from Mailbox B and add a new alias email to that hidden customer record by supplying `to_email`. Version 1.8.214 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 7.1
FreeScout's cross-user undo reply allows mailbox peers to recall another agent's outbound reply
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.214, the undo-send route `GET /conversation/undo-reply/{thread_id}` checks only whether the current user can view the parent conversation. It does not verify that the current user created the reply being undone. In a shared mailbox, one agent can therefore recall another agent's just-sent reply during the 15-second undo window. Version 1.8.214 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 5.9
Next AI Draw.io: Unbounded HTTP Body — Denial of Service
Next AI Draw.io is a next.js web application that integrates AI capabilities with draw.io diagrams. Prior to 0.4.15, the embedded HTTP sidecar contains three POST handlers (/api/state, /api/restore, and /api/history-svg) that process incoming requests by accumulating the entire request body into a JavaScript string without any size limitations. Node.js buffers the entire payload in the V8 heap. Sending a sufficiently large body (e.g., 500 MiB or more) will exhaust the process heap memory, leading to an Out-of-Memory (OOM) error that crashes the MCP server. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.4.15.
CVSS 6.2
FreeScout allows non-folder conversation queries to disclose assigned-only hidden conversations
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.215, the assigned-only restriction is applied to direct conversation view and folder queries, but not to non-folder query builders. Global search and the AJAX filter path still reveal conversations that should be hidden. Version 1.8.215 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 4.3
FreeScout has assigned-only visibility bypass that allows editing hidden customer-authored threads
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.215, customer-thread editing is authorized through `ThreadPolicy::edit()`, which checks mailbox access but does not apply the assigned-only restriction from `ConversationPolicy`. A user who cannot view a conversation can still load and edit customer-authored threads inside it. Version 1.8.215 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 7.1
FreeScout has assigned-only visibility bypass via save_draft that allows hidden conversation draft injection
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.215, when `APP_SHOW_ONLY_ASSIGNED_CONVERSATIONS` is enabled, direct conversation view correctly blocks users who are neither the assignee nor the creator. The `save_draft` AJAX path is weaker. A direct POST can create a draft inside a conversation that is hidden in the UI. Version 1.8.215 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 7.1
FreeScout's signature only mailbox permission allows unauthorized mailbox chat setting changes
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.215, `MailboxesController::updateSave()` persists `chat_start_new` outside the allowed-field filter. A user with only the mailbox `sig` permission sees only the signature field in the UI, but can still change the hidden mailbox-wide chat setting via direct POST. Version 1.8.215 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 7.1
FreeScout's client-controlled attachment IDs allow deletion of existing conversation attachments
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.215, the reply and draft flows trust client-supplied encrypted attachment IDs. Any IDs present in `attachments_all[]` but omitted from retained lists are decrypted and passed directly to `Attachment::deleteByIds()`. Because `load_attachments` returns encrypted IDs for attachments on a visible conversation, a mailbox peer can replay those IDs through `save_draft` and delete the original attachment row and file. Version 1.8.215 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 7.1
FreeScout has Zip Slip path traversal in module installation that allows arbitrary file write leading to RCE
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.215, FreeScout's module installation feature extracts ZIP archives without validating file paths, allowing an authenticated admin to write files arbitrarily on the server filesystem via a specially crafted ZIP. Version 1.8.215 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 9.1
FreeScout's Mailbox OAuth disconnect uses a state-changing GET and is CSRFable
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.215, the mailbox OAuth disconnect action is implemented as `GET /mailbox/oauth-disconnect/{id}/{in_out}/{provider}`. It removes stored OAuth metadata from the mailbox and then redirects. Because it is a GET route, no CSRF token is required and the action can be triggered cross-site against a logged-in mailbox admin. Version 1.8.215 fixes the vulnerability.
CVSS 5.4
SFTP chroot bypass via path traversal in SSH_FXP_FSETSTAT
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftpd module) allows an authenticated SFTP user to modify file attributes outside the configured chroot directory.
The SFTP daemon (ssh_sftpd) stores the raw, user-supplied path in file handles instead of the chroot-resolved path. When SSH_FXP_FSETSTAT is issued on such a handle, file attributes (permissions, ownership, timestamps) are modified on the real filesystem path, bypassing the root directory boundary entirely.
Any authenticated SFTP user on a server configured with the root option can modify file attributes of files outside the intended chroot boundary. The prerequisite is that a target file must exist on the real filesystem at the same relative path. Note that this vulnerability only allows modification of file attributes; file contents cannot be read or altered through this attack vector.
If the SSH daemon runs as root, this enables direct privilege escalation: an attacker can set the setuid bit on any binary, change ownership of sensitive files, or make system configuration world-writable.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl and program routines ssh_sftpd:do_open/4 and ssh_sftpd:handle_op/4.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 until OTP 28.4.3, 27.3.4.11, and 26.2.5.20 corresponding to ssh from 3.01 until 5.5.3, 5.2.11.7, and 5.1.4.15.
TYPO3 CMS Stores Cleartext Password in User Settings Module
Changing backend users' passwords via the user settings module results in storing the cleartext password in the uc and user_settings fields of the be_users database table. This issue affects TYPO3 CMS version 14.2.0.
Signal K Server has an Unauthenticated Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via WebSocket Subscription Paths
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Versions prior to 2.25.0 are vulnerable to an unauthenticated Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack within the WebSocket subscription handling logic. By injecting unescaped regex metacharacters into the `context` parameter of a stream subscription, an attacker can force the server's Node.js event loop into a catastrophic backtracking loop when evaluating long string identifiers (like the server's self UUID). This results in a total Denial of Service (DoS) where the server CPU spikes to 100% and becomes completely unresponsive to further API or socket requests. Version 2.25.0 contains a fix.
CVSS 7.5
Lawnchair vulnerable to Command Injection via unquoted workflow dispatch input in release_update.yml
Lawnchair is a free, open-source home app for Android. Prior to commit fcba413f55dd47f8a3921445252849126c6266b2, command injection in release_update.yml workflow dispatch input allows arbitrary code execution. Commit fcba413f55dd47f8a3921445252849126c6266b2 patches the issue.
CVSS 8.8
Apktool: Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Write
Apktool is a tool for reverse engineering Android APK files. In versions 3.0.0 and 3.0.1, a path traversal vulnerability in `brut/androlib/res/decoder/ResFileDecoder.java` allows a maliciously crafted APK to write arbitrary files to the filesystem during standard decoding (`apktool d`). This is a security regression introduced in commit e10a045 (PR #4041, December 12, 2025), which removed the `BrutIO.sanitizePath()` call that previously prevented path traversal in resource file output paths. An attacker can embed `../` sequences in the `resources.arsc` Type String Pool to escape the output directory and write files to arbitrary locations, including `~/.ssh/config`, `~/.bashrc`, or Windows Startup folders, escalating to RCE. The fix in version 3.0.2 re-introduces `BrutIO.sanitizePath()` in `ResFileDecoder.java` before file write operations.
CVSS 7.1
FreeScout has Predictable Attachment Token that Allows Unauthenticated Private File Download via Brute Force
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.213, attachment download tokens are generated using a weak and predictable formula: `md5(APP_KEY + attachment_id + size)`. Since attachment_id is sequential and size can be brute-forced in a small range, an unauthenticated attacker can forge valid tokens and download any private attachment without credentials. Version 1.8.213 fixes the issue.
CVSS 9.1
FreeScout Vulnerable to CSS Injection via Stored Style Tag in Mailbox Signature (CSRF Token Exfiltration)
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.213, FreeScout's `Helper::stripDangerousTags()` removes `<script>`, `<form>`, `<iframe>`, `<object>` but does NOT strip `<style>` tags. The mailbox signature field is saved via POST /mailbox/settings/{id} and later rendered unescaped via `{!! $conversation->getSignatureProcessed([], true) !!}` in conversation views. CSP allows `style-src * 'self' 'unsafe-inline'`, so injected inline styles execute freely. An attacker with access to mailbox settings (admin or agent with mailbox permission) can inject CSS attribute selectors to exfiltrate the CSRF token of any agent/admin who views a conversation in that mailbox. With the CSRF token, the attacker can perform any state-changing action as the victim (create admin accounts, change email/password, etc.) — privilege escalation from agent to admin. This is the result of an incomplete fix of GHSA-jqjf-f566-485j. That advisory reported XSS via mailbox signature. The fix applied `Helper::stripDangerousTags()` to the signature before saving. However, `stripDangerousTags()` only removes `script`, `form`, `iframe`, and `object` tags — it does NOT strip `<style>` tags, leaving CSS injection possible. Version 1.8.213 contains an updated fix.
CVSS 8.1
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