CVE-2018-9995

CRITICAL EXPLOITED IN THE WILD RANSOMWARE NUCLEI

TBK DVR4104 and DVR4216 - Unauthenticated Authentication Bypass via Cookie Header

Title source: llm
STIX 2.1

Exploitation Summary

CVE-2018-9995 has been observed exploited in the wild (reported by VulnCheck KEV, InTheWild.io), including in ransomware campaigns. EIP tracks 31 public exploits from researchers including ezelf, Cyb0r9, 0xDamian. A Nuclei detection template is also available.

AI-analyzed exploit summary This exploit targets a credential exposure vulnerability in DVR devices by sending a crafted HTTP request to retrieve user credentials in JSON format. It parses and displays the extracted usernames, passwords, and role IDs in a table.

Description

TBK DVR4104 and DVR4216 devices, as well as Novo, CeNova, QSee, Pulnix, XVR 5 in 1, Securus, Night OWL, DVR Login, HVR Login, and MDVR Login, which run re-branded versions of the original TBK DVR4104 and DVR4216 series, allow remote attackers to bypass authentication via a "Cookie: uid=admin" header, as demonstrated by a device.rsp?opt=user&cmd=list request that provides credentials within JSON data in a response.

Exploits (31)

exploitdb WORKING POC
by ezelf · pythonremotehardware
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44577

This exploit targets a credential exposure vulnerability in DVR devices by sending a crafted HTTP request to retrieve user credentials in JSON format. It parses and displays the extracted usernames, passwords, and role IDs in a table.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (specific models/vendors not specified)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR device · Target device must be exposed on the specified port (default: 80)
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 554 stars
by ezelf · infoleak
https://github.com/ezelf/CVE-2018-9995_dvr_credentials

This repository contains a Python script that exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in various DVR devices. The exploit retrieves user credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Multiple DVR vendors (Novo, CeNova, QSee, Pulnix, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 111 stars
by Cyb0r9 · infoleak
https://github.com/Cyb0r9/DVR-Exploiter

This exploit targets CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in DVR devices. It sends a crafted HTTP request to '/device.rsp?opt=user&cmd=list' to expose user credentials without authentication.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (Novo, CeNova, QSee, Pulnix, XVR 5 in 1, Securus, Night OWL, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: network access to the vulnerable DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 95 stars
by 0xDamian · infoleak
https://github.com/0xDamian/CVE-2018-9995-rs

This is a Rust-based PoC exploit for CVE-2018-9995, which targets a credential disclosure vulnerability in DVR devices. It sends a crafted HTTP request to retrieve user credentials in JSON format.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices with vulnerable firmware (e.g., GNU rsp/1.0)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device · Device must be exposed to the internet or local network
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 11 stars
by X3RX3SSec · infoleak
https://github.com/X3RX3SSec/DVR_Sploit

This Python script exploits CVE-2018-9995, a vulnerability in DVR devices, by sending a crafted HTTP request to retrieve a list of user credentials. It automates the exploitation process and saves the output to a file.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (multiple vendors)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR device · Python 3 with the 'requests' library
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 8 stars
by K3ysTr0K3R · infoleak
https://github.com/K3ysTr0K3R/CVE-2018-9995-EXPLOIT

This PoC exploits CVE-2018-9995, an authentication bypass vulnerability in various DVR devices. It sends a crafted request with a 'Cookie: uid=admin' header to retrieve sensitive credentials from the device's JSON response.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: TBK DVR4104, DVR4216, and other re-branded DVR devices
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 4 stars
by kienquoc102 · remote-auth
https://github.com/kienquoc102/CVE-2018-9995-2

This exploit targets CVE-2018-9995, a vulnerability in DVR/NVR devices that allows unauthenticated credential disclosure. The PoC sends a crafted request to '/device.rsp?opt=user&cmd=list' to extract admin credentials.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR/NVR devices (Novo, CeNova, QSee, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SCANNER 4 stars
by zzh217 · remote-auth
https://github.com/zzh217/CVE-2018-9995_Batch_scanning_exp

This repository contains a batch scanning tool for CVE-2018-9995, a vulnerability in D-Link routers. The script uses asynchronous requests to scan multiple targets for the presence of the vulnerability.

Classification
Scanner 90%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: D-Link routers (multiple models)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: List of target IPs or URLs
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 3 stars
by wmasday · remote
https://github.com/wmasday/HTC

This PoC exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in DVR devices, by retrieving hardcoded credentials from the device.rsp endpoint. It uses a simple HTTP request to extract username and password from the response.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (various vendors)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Target device with exposed /device.rsp endpoint
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 2 stars
by codeholic2k18 · remote
https://github.com/codeholic2k18/CVE-2018-9995

This repository contains a Python script that exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in various DVR devices. The exploit retrieves user credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Multiple DVR vendors (Novo, CeNova, QSee, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SCANNER 2 stars
by gwolfs · poc
https://github.com/gwolfs/CVE-2018-9995-ModifiedByGwolfs

This repository provides a modified version of the CVE-2018-9995 exploit, which targets DVR credentials by leveraging Shodan for discovery. It includes scripts to search for vulnerable devices and extract credentials, but lacks direct exploit code for the vulnerability itself.

Classification
Scanner 90%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices with CVE-2018-9995 vulnerability
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Shodan API key · Metasploit Framework
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SCANNER 2 stars
by Huangkey · remote
https://github.com/Huangkey/CVE-2018-9995_check

This repository contains a Python script to scan for CVE-2018-9995, a vulnerability in DVR series cameras. It checks for the presence of the vulnerable server header and logs vulnerable hosts to a file.

Classification
Scanner 100%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR series cameras with GNU rsp/1.0 server header
No auth needed
Prerequisites: List of target hosts in a text file
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 1 stars
by ST0PL · infoleak
https://github.com/ST0PL/DVRFaultNET

This repository contains a C# PoC for CVE-2018-9995, which exploits an authentication bypass vulnerability in DVR devices. The tool sends a crafted HTTP request to retrieve user credentials and device information without authentication.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (e.g., TVT, HIKVISION, and other rebranded devices)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 1 stars
by Saeed22487 · remote-auth
https://github.com/Saeed22487/CVE-2018-9995

This PoC exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in DVR devices, by sending a crafted HTTP request to retrieve user credentials without authentication. The script parses the JSON response and displays the extracted usernames, passwords, and roles in a table format.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (unspecified models)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR device · Target device must be exposed on the specified port (default: 80)
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 1 stars
by awesome-consumer-iot · poc
https://github.com/awesome-consumer-iot/HTC

This PoC exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in DVR devices, by retrieving exposed credentials via an unauthenticated HTTP request to '/device.rsp?opt=user&cmd=list'. The script automates the extraction of usernames and passwords from vulnerable devices.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (various vendors, e.g., TVT, HIKVISION, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Target device must be exposed to the internet with '/login.rsp' accessible · Device must be vulnerable to CVE-2018-9995
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 1 stars
by b510 · remote-auth
https://github.com/b510/CVE-2018-9995-POC

This PoC exploits CVE-2018-9995, an authentication bypass vulnerability in DVR devices, to extract user credentials via a crafted request to the device.rsp endpoint. It supports multi-threading and proxy usage for batch exploitation.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (e.g., TVT, HIKVISION, and other rebranded devices)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Target IP addresses and ports · Network access to the vulnerable devices
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 1 stars
by MrAli-Code · poc
https://github.com/MrAli-Code/CVE-2018-9995_dvr_credentials

This repository contains a Python script that exploits CVE-2018-9995 to retrieve DVR credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to an exposed endpoint. The exploit leverages an authentication bypass vulnerability in various DVR systems.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Multiple DVR systems (Novo, CeNova, QSee, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR system · Exposed device.rsp endpoint
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 1 stars
by mesutozsoycom · poc
https://github.com/mesutozsoycom/cve-2018-9995

This exploit targets CVE-2018-9995, an authentication bypass vulnerability in DVR devices. It sends a crafted HTTP request to retrieve user credentials without authentication.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (e.g., Novo CeNova, QSee, Pulnix, Securus, Night OWL)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: network access to the target device · knowledge of the target IP and port
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
gitlab WORKING POC
by softdream · infoleak
https://gitlab.com/softdream/CVE-2018-9995_dvr_credentials

This repository contains a functional Python script that exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in various DVR devices. The exploit retrieves user credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Multiple DVR vendors (Novo, CeNova, QSee, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 23, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WRITEUP
by jameseyes · poc
https://github.com/jameseyes/DVRC

This repository is a documentation and installation guide for pyenv, a Python version management tool. It does not contain exploit code or a PoC for CVE-2028-9995.

Classification
Writeup 100%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: pyenv
No auth needed
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by its-anya · infoleak
https://github.com/its-anya/DVR_Credential_Scanner

This repository contains a Python-based scanner and exploit for CVE-2018-9995, which allows unauthorized extraction of credentials from vulnerable DVR systems via a crafted HTTP request with a spoofed admin cookie. The PoC includes both interactive and command-line modes for testing.

Classification
Working Poc | Scanner 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak | Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Various DVR systems (e.g., Novo, CeNova, QSee, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR system · Python 3.6 or higher
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by batmoshka55 · infoleak
https://github.com/batmoshka55/CVE-2018-9995_dvr_credentials

This repository contains a Python-based exploit for CVE-2018-9995, which leaks DVR credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. The exploit targets multiple DVR vendors and includes a script to automate credential extraction.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Multiple DVR vendors (Novo, CeNova, QSee, Pulnix, XVR 5 in 1, Securus, Night OWL, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR device · Port 80 or custom port exposed
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec STUB
by A-Alabdoo · infoleak
https://github.com/A-Alabdoo/CVE-DVr

This script appears to be a partial or incomplete PoC for CVE-2018-9995, targeting a DVR device. It sends a request to a hardcoded IP and port to list users but lacks exploit functionality.

Classification
Stub 80%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: DVR devices (specific vendor/model unclear)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target device
MITRE ATT&CK
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by dego905 · remote
https://github.com/dego905/Cam

This script exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in DVR devices. It retrieves a list of users, including usernames, passwords, and roles, by sending a crafted HTTP request to the device's endpoint.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (specific models unknown)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by arminarab1999 · remote
https://github.com/arminarab1999/CVE-2018-9995

This exploit PoC targets CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in DVR devices. It retrieves admin credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (e.g., TVT, HIKVISION, and others)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable device · Device must be exposed on the specified port
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by LeQuocKhanh2K · remote-auth
https://github.com/LeQuocKhanh2K/Tool_Exploit_Password_Camera_CVE-2018-9995

This PoC exploits CVE-2018-9995, an authentication bypass vulnerability in DVR devices, to retrieve user credentials via an unauthenticated HTTP request to the `/device.rsp?opt=user&cmd=list` endpoint. The script parses the JSON response to extract usernames, passwords, and role IDs.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (various vendors, e.g., TVT, HVR, and others)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device · Device exposed to the internet or local network
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by dearpan · remote
https://github.com/dearpan/cve-2018-9995

This PoC exploits CVE-2018-9995, an authentication bypass vulnerability in DVR devices, by sending a crafted request with a modified 'Cookie: uid=admin' header to retrieve plaintext administrator credentials.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (specific models not listed)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target DVR device · DVR device with the vulnerability exposed
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by likaifeng0 · remote-auth
https://github.com/likaifeng0/CVE-2018-9995_dvr_credentials-dev_tool

This repository contains a Python script that exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in various DVR devices. The exploit retrieves user credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.

Classification
Working Poc 100%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Multiple DVR vendors (Novo, CeNova, QSee, Pulnix, XVR 5 in 1, Securus, Night OWL, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device · Port 80 or custom port exposed
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by ABIZCHI · remote
https://github.com/ABIZCHI/CVE-2018-9995_dvr_credentials

This repository contains a Python script that exploits CVE-2018-9995, an information disclosure vulnerability in various DVR devices. The exploit retrieves user credentials by sending a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Multiple DVR vendors (Novo, CeNova, QSee, etc.)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the vulnerable DVR device
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by TateYdq · poc
https://github.com/TateYdq/CVE-2018-9995-ModifiedByGwolfs

This repository contains a Python-based exploit for CVE-2018-9995, which targets DVR devices to extract credentials via an unauthenticated API endpoint. It includes two methods: one using Metasploit for Shodan queries and another using the Shodan API directly.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (e.g., Night OWL, XVR Login)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Shodan API key · Internet access to target devices
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →
vulncheck_xdb WORKING POC
remote
https://github.com/threat9/routersploit

This repository contains the RouterSploit framework, which includes exploit modules for embedded devices, including a module for CVE-2018-9995. The framework is designed for penetration testing and includes functional exploit code.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: DVR devices (specifically those vulnerable to CVE-2018-9995)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network access to the target device · Python 3.6+ environment
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 25, 2026 Full analysis →

Nuclei Templates (1)

TBK DVR4104/DVR4216 Devices - Authentication Bypass
CRITICALby princechaddha

References (4)

Core 4
Core References
Exploit, Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry exploit x_refsource_exploit-db
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44577/

Scores

CVSS v3 9.8
EPSS 0.9414
EPSS Percentile 99.9%
Attack Vector NETWORK
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Details

VulnCheck KEV 2020-02-25
InTheWild.io 2023-05-01
Ransomware Use Confirmed
Status published
Products (2)
tbkvision/tbk-dvr4104_firmware
tbkvision/tbk-dvr4216_firmware
Published Apr 10, 2018
Tracked Since Feb 18, 2026