CVE-2023-25581

CRITICAL LAB

pac4j-core < 4.0.0 - Remote Code Execution via Java Deserialization with {#sb64} Prefix

Title source: llm
STIX 2.1

Exploitation Summary

EIP tracks 1 public exploit for CVE-2023-25581. PoCs published by p33d.

AI-analyzed exploit summary This repository contains a functional Python exploit for CVE-2023-25581, leveraging unsafe deserialization in pac4j-core to achieve remote code execution (RCE) via a crafted Base64-encoded payload. The exploit sends a malicious serialized object to a vulnerable endpoint, triggering arbitrary command execution.

Description

pac4j is a security framework for Java. `pac4j-core` prior to version 4.0.0 is affected by a Java deserialization vulnerability. The vulnerability affects systems that store externally controlled values in attributes of the `UserProfile` class from pac4j-core. It can be exploited by providing an attribute that contains a serialized Java object with a special prefix `{#sb64}` and Base64 encoding. This issue may lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in the worst case. Although a `RestrictedObjectInputStream` is in place, that puts some restriction on what classes can be deserialized, it still allows a broad range of java packages and potentially exploitable with different gadget chains. pac4j versions 4.0.0 and greater are not affected by this issue. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Exploits (1)

nomisec WORKING POC
by p33d · poc
https://github.com/p33d/CVE-2023-25581

This repository contains a functional Python exploit for CVE-2023-25581, leveraging unsafe deserialization in pac4j-core to achieve remote code execution (RCE) via a crafted Base64-encoded payload. The exploit sends a malicious serialized object to a vulnerable endpoint, triggering arbitrary command execution.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: pac4j-core (versions affected by CVE-2023-25581)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Python 3.x · requests library · vulnerable pac4j-core endpoint
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 18, 2026 Full analysis →

Scores

CVSS v4 9.2
EPSS 0.0195
EPSS Percentile 77.6%
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CISA SSVC

Vulnrichment
Exploitation poc
Automatable yes
Technical Impact total

Lab Environment

COMMUNITY
Community Lab
docker pull eclipse-temurin:8-jdk-alpine

Details

CWE
CWE-502
Status published
Products (2)
org.pac4j/pac4j-core 0 - 4.0.0Maven
pac4j/pac4j < 4.0.0
Published Oct 10, 2024
Tracked Since Feb 18, 2026