CVE-2025-23061

CRITICAL NUCLEI LAB

mongoose < 6.13.6 and 8.0.0-rc0-8.9.5 - Search Injection via Nested $where Filter with Populate Match

Title source: llm
STIX 2.1

Exploitation Summary

EIP tracks 3 public exploits for CVE-2025-23061. PoCs published by amikanev, open-flaw, dajneem23. A Nuclei detection template is also available.

AI-analyzed exploit summary This repository contains a functional PoC for CVE-2025-23061, demonstrating a NoSQL injection vulnerability in a Node.js application using MongoDB. The exploit leverages improper JSON parsing in query parameters to manipulate MongoDB queries, allowing unauthorized data access or manipulation.

Description

Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.

Exploits (3)

nomisec WORKING POC
by amikanev · poc
https://github.com/amikanev/CVE-2025-23061-LAB

This repository contains a functional PoC for CVE-2025-23061, demonstrating a NoSQL injection vulnerability in a Node.js application using MongoDB. The exploit leverages improper JSON parsing in query parameters to manipulate MongoDB queries, allowing unauthorized data access or manipulation.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Node.js application with MongoDB (mongoose)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Node.js environment · MongoDB instance · Exposed endpoints with vulnerable query parameters
devstral-2 · analyzed Apr 09, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by open-flaw · javascriptpoc
https://github.com/open-flaw/CVE-2025-23061

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2025-23061, demonstrating a NoSQL injection vulnerability in Mongoose's `populate()` function. The exploit bypasses the incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900 by nesting `$where` operators within logical operators like `$and` or `$or`.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Mongoose < 8.9.5
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Node.js >= 14 · MongoDB running locally or accessible via connection string
devstral-2 · analyzed May 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by dajneem23 · poc
https://github.com/dajneem23/CVE-2025-23061

This repository contains a functional proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2025-23061, demonstrating command injection in Mongoose via nested `$where` operators in the `populate()` function's match option. The exploit includes examples for information disclosure, authentication bypass, and DoS attacks.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Mongoose < 8.9.5
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Node.js >= 14 · MongoDB running locally or accessible via connection string
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →

Nuclei Templates (1)

Mongoose - NoSQL Injection
CRITICALVERIFIEDby NamhyunKo
Shodan: title:"Mongoose"
FOFA: title="Mongoose"

Scores

CVSS v3 9.0
EPSS 0.7186
EPSS Percentile 98.8%
Attack Vector NETWORK
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CISA SSVC

Vulnrichment
Exploitation none
Automatable no
Technical Impact total

Details

CWE
CWE-94
Status published
Products (2)
mongoosejs/mongoose < 6.13.6
npm/mongoose 8.0.0-rc0 - 8.9.5npm
Published Jan 15, 2025
Tracked Since Feb 18, 2026