CVE-2025-31161
CRITICAL KEV RANSOMWARE NUCLEICrushFTP - Authentication Bypass
Title source: nucleiExploitation Summary
CVE-2025-31161 is actively exploited and listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, added April 7, 2025, with confirmed use in ransomware campaigns. EIP tracks 24 public exploits from researchers including İbrahimsql, Immersive-Labs-Sec, iSee857. A Nuclei detection template is also available.
AI-analyzed exploit summary This exploit leverages a race condition and header parsing flaw in CrushFTP's AWS4-HMAC authorization mechanism to bypass authentication and achieve admin access. It includes functionality for target management, vulnerability scanning, and exploitation.
Description
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
Exploits (24)
This exploit leverages a race condition and header parsing flaw in CrushFTP's AWS4-HMAC authorization mechanism to bypass authentication and achieve admin access. It includes functionality for target management, vulnerability scanning, and exploitation.
This PoC exploits an authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2025-31161) in CrushFTP to create a new admin-level user account. It sends crafted HTTP requests with specific headers and payloads to bypass authentication and create the user.
The repository contains a functional exploit PoC for CVE-2025-31161, targeting CrushFTP with an authentication bypass vulnerability. The script demonstrates command execution via session manipulation and shell command injection.
This Python script exploits CVE-2025-31161 (and CVE-2025-2825) in CrushFTP by sending crafted XML payloads to create a new user with elevated privileges via an authentication bypass. It supports both single-target and mass exploitation with threading.
This Python exploit targets CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP that allows unauthenticated user account creation via crafted XML payloads sent to the WebInterface. The PoC sends a POST request with a malicious XML payload to create a new user account.
The repository contains functional exploit code for multiple CVEs, including authentication bypass vulnerabilities in TOTOLINK devices and a scanner for Fortinet SSL VPN (CVE-2024-21762). The PoCs demonstrate the vulnerabilities with clear technical details and HTTP request formats.
The repository contains functional exploit code for CVE-2025-31161, demonstrating an authentication bypass vulnerability. The exploit creates a new user with arbitrary credentials by sending crafted XML payloads to the target server.
This exploit automates the creation of an admin user in CrushFTP by forging a valid CrushAuth token, leveraging an authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2025-31161). It crafts a dynamic token and sends a malicious XML payload to create a privileged user.
This is a Python-based exploit for CVE-2025-31161, targeting CrushFTP versions before 10.8.4 and 11.3.1. It exploits an authentication bypass via a race condition and header parsing flaw in the AWS4-HMAC mechanism, allowing unauthenticated access and potential admin takeover.
This repository contains a Python-based exploit tool for CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP versions 9.3.8 through 9.3.12.5. The tool automates version detection, credential testing, and exploitation via manipulated HTTP Authorization headers (Bearer/Basic Auth).
This PoC exploits CVE-2025-31161 in CrushFTP by creating an admin user, enabling a plugin for command execution, and restarting the server to achieve remote code execution (RCE). The exploit leverages authentication bypass and plugin manipulation to execute arbitrary commands.
This Python script exploits CVE-2025-31161 in CrushFTP to list existing users and create a new malicious user with elevated permissions. It uses crafted HTTP requests with specific headers and XML payloads to interact with the vulnerable service.
This Nuclei template detects the CrushFTP authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2025-2825) by sending crafted HTTP requests with manipulated cookies and headers to check for unauthorized access to user lists.
This repository provides a detailed technical analysis of CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP. It includes root cause analysis, mitigation steps, and references to official sources.
This repository contains a functional Go exploit for CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP versions 10.x and 11.x. The exploit leverages malformed AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 headers and fake session cookies to bypass authentication and create a new admin user.
This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP. The exploit leverages a logic error in AWS4-HMAC header parsing to trigger an IndexOutOfBounds exception, allowing session hijacking and administrative account creation.
This repository contains a functional PoC for CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP's web interface. It includes Go and Bash implementations to detect vulnerability, enumerate users, and create unauthorized accounts via crafted HTTP requests.
This repository contains a Python-based scanner for detecting CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP servers. It tests for the vulnerability by manipulating HTTP Authorization headers and provides clear output indicating whether the target is vulnerable.
This repository contains a Python-based scanner for detecting CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP servers. The tool tests for the vulnerability by manipulating HTTP Authorization headers and provides clear output indicating whether the target is vulnerable.
The repository contains only a README.md file describing CVE-2025-31161 as an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP server. No exploit code or technical details are provided.
This Python script exploits CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP, by manipulating CrushAuth and AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 headers to retrieve user lists from the getUserList API endpoint.
This PoC exploits CVE-2025-31161, an authentication bypass vulnerability in CrushFTP, to create a new admin-level user account. It sends crafted HTTP requests with specific headers and XML payloads to bypass authentication and create the user.
This script scans for the presence of the string 'crushadmin' in HTTP responses from a target URL or list of URLs, indicating potential exposure of CVE-2025-31161. It uses multi-threading to check multiple targets efficiently.
This repository contains a functional Python script that exploits CVE-2025-31161 in CrushFTP to list existing users and create a malicious user with elevated permissions. The exploit leverages improper authentication handling in the CrushFTP WebInterface.
Nuclei Templates (1)
http.title:"CrushFTP WebInterface" || http.favicon.hash:-1022206565 || http.html:"crushftp"
icon_hash="-1022206565" || title="CrushFTP WebInterface" || body="crushftp"
References (10)
Scores
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H