CVE-2025-31651

CRITICAL

Apache Tomcat 9.0.0-9.0.102, 10.1.0-M1-10.1.39, 11.0.0-M1-11.0.5 - Security Constraint Bypass

Title source: llm
STIX 2.1

Exploitation Summary

EIP tracks 2 public exploits for CVE-2025-31651. PoCs published by gregk4sec.

AI-analyzed exploit summary The repository provides a detailed technical analysis of CVE-2025-31651, a vulnerability in Apache Tomcat 11.0.4 where rewrite rules can be bypassed using URL-encoded characters (e.g., %3F) to access restricted resources or execute scripts. The writeup includes specific rewrite rule configurations, attack steps, and impact analysis.

Description

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Exploits (2)

nomisec WRITEUP 2 stars
by gregk4sec · poc
https://github.com/gregk4sec/CVE-2025-31651-o

The repository provides a detailed technical analysis of CVE-2025-31651, a vulnerability in Apache Tomcat 11.0.4 where rewrite rules can be bypassed using URL-encoded characters (e.g., %3F) to access restricted resources or execute scripts. The writeup includes specific rewrite rule configurations, attack steps, and impact analysis.

Classification
Writeup 90%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Apache Tomcat 11.0.4
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Tomcat 11.0.4 with rewrite valve enabled · Specific rewrite rule configurations
devstral-2 · analyzed Mar 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec STUB 2 stars
by gregk4sec · poc
https://github.com/gregk4sec/CVE-2025-31651

The repository contains only a README.md file with minimal information about CVE-2025-31651, describing a rewrite rule bypass vulnerability. No actual exploit code or detailed PoC is provided.

Classification
Stub 30%
Attack Type
Auth Bypass
Complexity
Theoretical
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: unspecified (likely a web server or proxy with rewrite rules)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: specific rewrite rule configurations
devstral-2 · analyzed Feb 16, 2026 Full analysis →

References (3)

Core 3
Core References
Mailing List, Vendor Advisory vendor-advisory
https://lists.apache.org/[email protected]
Mailing List, Third Party Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3

Scores

CVSS v3 9.8
EPSS 0.0034
EPSS Percentile 57.3%
Attack Vector NETWORK
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CISA SSVC

Vulnrichment
Exploitation none
Automatable yes
Technical Impact total

Details

CWE
CWE-116
Status published
Products (3)
apache/tomcat 9.0.0 - 9.0.104
org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-catalina 9.0.76 - 9.0.104Maven
org.apache.tomcat.embed/tomcat-embed-core 9.0.76 - 9.0.104Maven
Published Apr 28, 2025
Tracked Since Feb 18, 2026