CVE-2025-54123

CRITICAL EXPLOITED NUCLEI

Hoverfly < 1.12.0 - Remote Code Execution via Middleware API Endpoint

Title source: llm
STIX 2.1

Exploitation Summary

CVE-2025-54123 has been observed exploited in the wild (reported by VulnCheck KEV). EIP tracks 6 public exploits from researchers including kasem545, 0x00phantom-hat, davidzzo23. A Nuclei detection template is also available.

AI-analyzed exploit summary This repository contains a functional Python exploit for CVE-2025-54123, targeting Hoverfly versions <= 1.11.3. The exploit leverages authenticated command injection via the middleware API to achieve remote code execution (RCE).

Description

Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API.

Exploits (6)

nomisec WORKING POC 1 stars
by kasem545 · remote-auth
https://github.com/kasem545/CVE-2025-54123-Poc

This repository contains a functional Python exploit for CVE-2025-54123, targeting Hoverfly versions <= 1.11.3. The exploit leverages authenticated command injection via the middleware API to achieve remote code execution (RCE).

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Hoverfly <= 1.11.3
Auth required
Prerequisites: valid credentials for Hoverfly authentication · access to the Hoverfly API endpoint
devstral-2 · analyzed Apr 09, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by 0x00phantom-hat · pythonremote
https://github.com/0x00phantom-hat/Hoverfly-1.11.3-RCE-CVE-2025-54123-Exploit

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2025-54123, an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in Hoverfly ≤ 1.11.3. The exploit leverages OS command injection via the middleware API endpoint, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the target system.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Hoverfly ≤ 1.11.3
Auth required
Prerequisites: Valid credentials for Hoverfly API · Network access to the Hoverfly admin API (default port 8888)
devstral-2 · analyzed May 28, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by davidzzo23 · remote
https://github.com/davidzzo23/CVE-2025-54123

This repository contains a functional Python exploit for CVE-2025-54123, targeting Hoverfly's middleware API to achieve remote code execution (RCE) via authenticated API requests. The exploit supports both direct command execution and reverse shell payloads.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Hoverfly (version not specified)
Auth required
Prerequisites: valid credentials for Hoverfly API · network access to target Hoverfly instance
devstral-2 · analyzed Apr 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by f4dee-backup · remote
https://github.com/f4dee-backup/CVE-2025-54123

This repository contains a functional exploit script for CVE-2025-54123, which targets a command injection vulnerability in Hoverfly's middleware endpoint. The script authenticates, checks the target version, and executes arbitrary commands via the 'script' parameter.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Hoverfly <= 1.11.3
Auth required
Prerequisites: valid credentials (username/password) · target URL · command to execute
devstral-2 · analyzed Apr 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by tristanqtn · remote-auth
https://github.com/tristanqtn/CVE-2025-54123

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2025-54123, an authenticated RCE vulnerability in HoverFly's middleware API endpoint. The exploit leverages insufficient input validation to execute arbitrary commands via the `binary` and `script` parameters in a PUT request to `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: HoverFly
Auth required
Prerequisites: Valid credentials or session token for HoverFly · Access to the `/api/token-auth` endpoint · Network access to the target HoverFly instance
devstral-2 · analyzed Apr 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by 0xzap · remote-auth
https://github.com/0xzap/CVE-2025-54123

This repository contains a functional Python exploit for CVE-2025-54123, which achieves RCE in Hoverfly by injecting a malicious middleware script via the /api/v2/hoverfly/middleware endpoint. The exploit uses a reverse shell payload to establish a connection back to the attacker.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Rce
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Hoverfly (versions ≤ 1.11.3)
Auth required
Prerequisites: network access to target · valid authentication token
devstral-2 · analyzed Apr 09, 2026 Full analysis →

Nuclei Templates (1)

Hoverfly <= 1.11.3 - Remote Code Execution
CRITICALVERIFIEDby nukunga[seonghyeonJeon]
Shodan: http.favicon.hash:1357234275 || title:"Hoverfly Dashboard"
FOFA: icon_hash="1357234275" || title="Hoverfly Dashboard"

Scores

CVSS v3 9.8
EPSS 0.5093
EPSS Percentile 97.9%
Attack Vector NETWORK
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CISA SSVC

Vulnrichment
Exploitation poc
Automatable yes
Technical Impact total

Details

VulnCheck KEV 2025-11-10
CWE
CWE-78 CWE-20
Status published
Products (2)
hoverfly/hoverfly < 1.12.0
SpectoLabs/hoverfly 0Go
Published Sep 10, 2025
Tracked Since Feb 18, 2026