CVE-2026-43284

HIGH EXPLOITED

xfrm: esp: avoid in-place decrypt on shared skb frags

Title source: cna
STIX 2.1

Exploitation Summary

CVE-2026-43284 has been observed exploited in the wild (reported by VulnCheck KEV). EIP tracks 45 public exploits from researchers including nu11secur1ty, ochebotar, Percivalll, including a Metasploit module exploits/linux/local/cve_2026_43284_dirty_frag.

AI-analyzed exploit summary The document describes a Linux kernel local privilege escalation (LPE) exploit chain involving three CVEs (CVE-2026-43284, CVE-2026-43500, CVE-2026-46300) that manipulate page-cache writes and memory corruption. It provides a high-level overview of the attack flow, affected systems, and references external links for the exploit code and demo.

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: esp: avoid in-place decrypt on shared skb frags MSG_SPLICE_PAGES can attach pages from a pipe directly to an skb. TCP marks such skbs with SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG after skb_splice_from_iter(), so later paths that may modify packet data can first make a private copy. The IPv4/IPv6 datagram append paths did not set this flag when splicing pages into UDP skbs. That leaves an ESP-in-UDP packet made from shared pipe pages looking like an ordinary uncloned nonlinear skb. ESP input then takes the no-COW fast path for uncloned skbs without a frag_list and decrypts in place over data that is not owned privately by the skb. Mark IPv4/IPv6 datagram splice frags with SKBFL_SHARED_FRAG, matching TCP. Also make ESP input fall back to skb_cow_data() when the flag is present, so ESP does not decrypt externally backed frags in place. Private nonlinear skb frags still use the existing fast path. This intentionally does not change ESP output. In esp_output_head(), the path that appends the ESP trailer to existing skb tailroom without calling skb_cow_data() is not reachable for nonlinear skbs: skb_tailroom() returns zero when skb->data_len is nonzero, while ESP tailen is positive. Thus ESP output will either use the separate destination-frag path or fall back to skb_cow_data().

Exploits (45)

exploitdb WRITEUP
by nu11secur1ty · textlocallinux
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52591

The document describes a Linux kernel local privilege escalation (LPE) exploit chain involving three CVEs (CVE-2026-43284, CVE-2026-43500, CVE-2026-46300) that manipulate page-cache writes and memory corruption. It provides a high-level overview of the attack flow, affected systems, and references external links for the exploit code and demo.

Classification
Writeup 90%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux Kernel (multiple distributions)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to a vulnerable Linux system · Compilation of the exploit code
devstral-2 · analyzed May 30, 2026 Full analysis →
exploitdb WRITEUP
by nu11secur1ty · textlocallinux
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52585

The document describes a local privilege escalation (LPE) exploit chain targeting the Linux kernel's page-cache management, leveraging CVE-2026-43284 (xfrm-ESP) and CVE-2026-43500 (RxRPC) to achieve arbitrary writes and in-place decryption. It provides a high-level overview of the vulnerability chain, affected systems, and execution flow but lacks actual exploit code.

Classification
Writeup 90%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux Kernel (All major distributions)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to the target system · Unprivileged user account
devstral-2 · analyzed May 28, 2026 Full analysis →
github SCANNER 9 stars
by ochebotar · shellpoc
https://github.com/ochebotar/copy-fail-CVE-2026-31431-detection-probe

This repository provides a detection toolkit for CVE-2026-31431, a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Linux kernel's `algif_aead` module. It includes scripts and configurations for scanning systems, checking kernel versions, module states, and mitigations without exploiting the vulnerability.

Classification
Scanner 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions 4.14–6.17, 6.18.x, 6.19.x, ≥6.20)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Access to system files and kernel information
devstral-2 · analyzed May 18, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC 5 stars
by Percivalll · local
https://github.com/Percivalll/Dirty-Frag-Kubernetes-PoC

This repository contains a functional proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2026-43284, demonstrating a Kubernetes container escape via the Dirty Frag Linux kernel page-cache corruption vulnerability. The exploit targets shared container image layers to achieve node-level code execution on Amazon EKS.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Racy
Target: Linux Kernel 6.12.80 (Amazon EKS)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged Kubernetes Pod · Privileged DaemonSet sharing image layers · User namespace support
devstral-2 · analyzed May 09, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC 2 stars
by jayhutajulu1 · clocal
https://github.com/jayhutajulu1/CVE-2026-43284-DirtyFrag-PoC

The repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging a Linux kernel vulnerability in the XFRM subsystem (DirtyFrag) to achieve local privilege escalation (LPE). The exploit includes detailed checks for kernel configuration, user namespace availability, and setuid binary targeting, followed by a crafted payload to overwrite memory and escalate privileges.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (specific versions requiring CONFIG_USER_NS, CONFIG_XFRM, and CONFIG_INET_ESP)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged user access · Kernel with vulnerable XFRM/ESPINUDP implementation · User namespaces enabled · Readable setuid binary (e.g., /usr/bin/su)
devstral-2 · analyzed May 26, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC 2 stars
by Unclecheng-li · cpoc
https://github.com/Unclecheng-li/poc-lab/tree/main/CVE-2026-43284 Dirty Frag

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, a Linux kernel local privilege escalation vulnerability in the xfrm-ESP page-cache write mechanism. The exploit leverages splice operations to manipulate page cache entries, achieving arbitrary write primitives to escalate privileges.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel >= 4.11
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local low-privilege code execution · Ability to create user/net namespaces · ESP4/ESP6 availability
devstral-2 · analyzed May 21, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SCANNER 2 stars
by haydenjames · poc
https://github.com/haydenjames/dirty-frag-check

This repository contains a bash script that checks for the presence of vulnerabilities related to CVE-2026-43284 and CVE-2026-43500 in Linux kernels. It inspects kernel versions, module states, and applied mitigations but does not include exploit code.

Classification
Scanner 100%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (various distributions)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: access to the target system
devstral-2 · analyzed May 10, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WRITEUP 1 stars
by AK777177 · poc
https://github.com/AK777177/Dirty-Frag-Analysis

This repository provides a detailed technical analysis of CVE-2026-43284 (Dirty Frag), covering root cause analysis, exploit flow, and shellcode breakdown for a Linux kernel local privilege escalation vulnerability.

Classification
Writeup 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (multiple distributions)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux kernel with vulnerable xfrm-ESP implementation · CAP_NET_ADMIN capability (obtained via user/net namespace)
devstral-2 · analyzed May 10, 2026 Full analysis →
github WRITEUP
by g0thamRabb1t · shellpoc
https://github.com/g0thamRabb1t/dirtyfrag-cve-2026-43284-auditd-detection

This repository contains detailed audit logs and system information related to CVE-2026-43284, demonstrating the exploitation of a vulnerability in auditd. The logs show privilege escalation from a user to root via sudo, with extensive auditd tracking of syscalls and file accesses.

Classification
Writeup 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: auditd (Linux audit framework)
Auth required
Prerequisites: User-level access · auditd service running · Specific audit rules configured
devstral-2 · analyzed Jun 12, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by antinest · cpoc
https://github.com/antinest/CVEs/tree/main/DirtyFrag - CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, which leverages a vulnerability in the Linux kernel's XFRM subsystem to achieve local privilege escalation (LPE). The exploit corrupts the `/usr/bin/su` binary by overwriting it with a malicious ELF payload, granting root access.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (XFRM subsystem)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local user access · Unpatched Linux kernel with vulnerable XFRM implementation
devstral-2 · analyzed Jun 05, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by t1ckprivate · clocal
https://github.com/t1ckprivate/CVE-2026-43284-Dirty-Frag

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging a Linux kernel vulnerability in the XFRM subsystem to achieve local privilege escalation (LPE). The exploit corrupts the `/usr/bin/su` binary by overwriting it with a malicious ELF payload, granting root access.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (XFRM subsystem)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux system with vulnerable kernel · unprivileged user access
devstral-2 · analyzed Jun 05, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by 1neptune · gopoc
https://github.com/1neptune/DirtyFrag

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging ESP/XFRM and RxRPC vulnerabilities to achieve local privilege escalation (LPE) by overwriting the `/usr/bin/su` binary or patching `/etc/passwd`. The exploit uses kernel page-cache write primitives via in-place decryption triggered by crafted network packets.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux Kernel (specific version not specified)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to the target system · Kernel with vulnerable ESP/XFRM or RxRPC implementations
devstral-2 · analyzed Jun 03, 2026 Full analysis →
github SUSPICIOUS
by K3ysTr0K3R · pythonpoc
https://github.com/K3ysTr0K3R/CVE-2026-43284-CVE-2026-43500-EXPLOIT

The repository contains minimal content with no actual exploit code or technical details. The README is empty, and the Python file is also empty, indicating a potential lure for external downloads or monetization.

Classification
Suspicious 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: unknown
No auth needed
devstral-2 · analyzed May 31, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WRITEUP
by AtlasVector · poc
https://github.com/AtlasVector/Dirty-Frag-CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a technical analysis of CVE-2026-43284, focusing on a fragmentation-based vulnerability. It includes detailed screenshots and diagrams of network traffic analysis, Suricata IDS logs, and ELK stack visualizations, but lacks actual exploit code.

Classification
Writeup 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: Unknown (likely network protocol or IDS/IPS)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Network traffic analysis tools (e.g., Suricata, ELK stack)
devstral-2 · analyzed May 24, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by dyeat · pythonpoc
https://github.com/dyeat/cve-reproduction/tree/main/privilege-escalation/Linux/Kernel/CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, a Linux kernel privilege escalation vulnerability. The exploit leverages the Dirty Frag vulnerability to overwrite the `/usr/bin/su` binary with a malicious ELF payload, achieving root privileges.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux Kernel (Ubuntu 25.04)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux kernel with CVE-2026-43284 vulnerability · unprivileged user access
devstral-2 · analyzed May 22, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by First-John · gopoc
https://github.com/First-John/cve_2026_frag_family_fix

This repository contains a Go-based tool that mitigates CVE-2026-43500 and CVE-2026-43284 by disabling vulnerable kernel modules (esp4, esp6, rxrpc) and applying kernel updates. It includes functionality to detect vulnerable modules, apply hotfixes, and clean up artifacts post-update.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (specific versions vulnerable to CVE-2026-43500 and CVE-2026-43284)
Auth required
Prerequisites: root access · vulnerable kernel modules loaded
devstral-2 · analyzed May 21, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by DylanClaudio · poc
https://github.com/DylanClaudio/Reporte-de-Escalada-de-Privilegios-Local-Dirty-Frag

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Linux kernel's IPsec ESP in-place decryption. The exploit corrupts the `/usr/bin/su` binary to achieve root access by leveraging unprivileged user namespaces and XFRM netlink socket manipulation.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions 4.10 to 6.4+)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: unprivileged user namespace access · XFRM netlink socket access · ESP modules loaded or loadable
devstral-2 · analyzed May 29, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by Koshmare-Blossom · poc
https://github.com/Koshmare-Blossom/Dirtyfrag-go

This repository contains a functional Go-based exploit for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging ESP/XFRM and RxRPC vulnerabilities to achieve local privilege escalation (LPE). The exploit overwrites the page-cache of `/usr/bin/su` with a root-shell ELF or patches `/etc/passwd` to gain root access.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (specific version not specified)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to the target system · Kernel with vulnerable ESP/XFRM or RxRPC implementations
devstral-2 · analyzed May 20, 2026 Full analysis →
github WRITEUP
by kuniyal08 · poc
https://github.com/kuniyal08/Dirty-Frag-CVE-2026-43284

This repository provides a detailed technical analysis and reproduction steps for the Dirty Frag exploit chain (CVE-2026-43284 and CVE-2026-43500), including detection engineering, incident response, and mitigation strategies. It documents the exploitation process on Kali Linux 2026.1 and includes auditd, Sigma, and YARA rules for detection.

Classification
Writeup 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions affected since 2017)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Vulnerable kernel (e.g., 6.18.12+kali-amd64) · Loaded esp4, esp6, and rxrpc kernel modules · Unprivileged user access
devstral-2 · analyzed May 19, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by LucasPDiniz · local
https://github.com/LucasPDiniz/CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a functional proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2026-43284, a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Linux kernel affecting the IPsec ESP input path. The exploit leverages page cache corruption via syscalls like splice(2) and sendmsg(2) to achieve root access.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel >= 4.14
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged user access · Linux kernel >= 4.14
devstral-2 · analyzed May 19, 2026 Full analysis →
github SUSPICIOUS
by First-John · gopoc
https://github.com/First-John/CVE-2026-43500

The repository claims to provide a mitigation tool for CVE-2026-43284 but lacks actual exploit code. Instead, it directs users to download a binary from an external source (bit.ly), which is a common tactic for distributing malware or fake exploits.

Classification
Suspicious 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: Linux kernel (esp4, esp6, rxrpc modules)
Auth required
Prerequisites: root access · vulnerable kernel modules enabled
devstral-2 · analyzed May 19, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by whosfault · local
https://github.com/whosfault/CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging an xfrm/ESP page cache write vulnerability to achieve local privilege escalation by overwriting a setuid binary with a root shell ELF. The exploit uses XFRM SAs with crafted ESN seq_hi values to corrupt memory via UDP encapsulation.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (xfrm/ESP subsystem)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: CONFIG_XFRM · CONFIG_INET_ESP · CONFIG_USER_NS · x86_64 architecture
devstral-2 · analyzed May 17, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by grabesec · poc
https://github.com/grabesec/XCP_ng_CVE-2026-43284_tester

This repository contains a diagnostic tool for CVE-2026-43284, a local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Linux kernel's xfrm-ESP subsystem. The tool tests whether an unprivileged process can engage the esp4 in-place decryption engine via the XFRM netlink interface inside a user namespace, which is the necessary precondition for exploitation.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: XCP-ng dom0 (kernel 4.19)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged user namespace access · XCP-ng dom0 with kernel 4.19
devstral-2 · analyzed May 16, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by xd20111 · local
https://github.com/xd20111/CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging a vulnerability in the Linux kernel's XFRM subsystem to achieve local privilege escalation. The exploit uses crafted netlink messages to manipulate XFRM state and overwrite the `/usr/bin/su` binary with a malicious ELF payload, granting root access.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (specific version not specified)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux system with vulnerable kernel · unprivileged user access · namespace creation capabilities
devstral-2 · analyzed May 15, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by attaattaatta · gopoc
https://github.com/attaattaatta/CVE-2026-43500

This repository contains a Go-based mitigation tool for CVE-2026-43500 and CVE-2026-43284, which disables vulnerable kernel modules (esp4, esp6, rxrpc) and applies system-level mitigations. It includes build scripts and CI/CD workflows for automated compilation and release.

Classification
Working Poc 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (various distributions)
Auth required
Prerequisites: root access · vulnerable kernel modules enabled
devstral-2 · analyzed May 17, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by ChernStepanov · local
https://github.com/ChernStepanov/DirtyFrag-for-dummies

This repository contains a functional proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2026-43284, a Linux kernel vulnerability in the xfrm ESP path that allows local privilege escalation via page cache corruption. The exploit uses splice() and SPLICE_F_MOVE to manipulate file-backed pages, leading to in-memory corruption of executables like /usr/bin/su.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions from 2017-01-17 to 2026-05-05)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: unprivileged user access · 64-bit Linux system · kernel version within affected range
devstral-2 · analyzed May 14, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by FrosterDL · poc
https://github.com/FrosterDL/CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, a Linux kernel vulnerability in the xfrm-ESP module that allows local privilege escalation (LPE). The exploit chains CVE-2026-43284 with CVE-2026-43500 (RxRPC Page-Cache Write) to achieve root access on major Linux distributions.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions from 2017-01-17 to 2026-05-05)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged user access · Presence of vulnerable xfrm-ESP or RxRPC modules
devstral-2 · analyzed May 14, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SCANNER
by liamromanis101 · poc
https://github.com/liamromanis101/DirtyFrag-Detector

This repository contains a Python-based detection script for CVE-2026-43284 and CVE-2026-43500, which are Linux kernel vulnerabilities in IPsec ESP and RxRPC subsystems. The script checks for vulnerable kernel versions, patch status, module availability, and mitigation measures without exploiting the vulnerabilities.

Classification
Scanner 100%
Attack Type
Info Leak
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions affected by CVE-2026-43284 and CVE-2026-43500)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged local access to the target system
devstral-2 · analyzed May 12, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec STUB
by XRSecCD · poc
https://github.com/XRSecCD/202605_dirty_frag

The repository contains only a README.md file with minimal information, mentioning CVE-2026-43284 and CVE-2026-43500 without any exploit code, technical details, or additional context.

Classification
Stub 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: unspecified
No auth needed
devstral-2 · analyzed May 12, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by Aiyakami · local
https://github.com/Aiyakami/rust_dirtyfrag

This repository contains a functional Rust implementation of a Linux kernel exploit targeting CVE-2026-43284. The exploit leverages netlink and XFRM operations to achieve local privilege escalation (LPE) by manipulating kernel memory structures.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (version not specified)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux system with vulnerable kernel · user namespace and network namespace access
devstral-2 · analyzed May 22, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SUSPICIOUS
by gagaltotal · poc
https://github.com/gagaltotal/CVE-2026-43284-CVE-2026-43500-scan

The repository contains only a minimal README with no technical details, exploit code, or analysis. It references two CVEs but provides no actionable information, suggesting it may be a lure for external downloads or monetization.

Classification
Suspicious 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Theoretical
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: unknown
No auth needed
devstral-2 · analyzed May 11, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SUSPICIOUS
by ryan2929 · poc
https://github.com/ryan2929/CVE-2026-43284-

The repository lacks actual exploit code and only provides a vague description of CVE-2026-43284 with a list of affected Linux versions. It mentions running './exp' but does not include the exploit binary or source code.

Classification
Suspicious 90%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Theoretical
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: Linux kernel (various distributions)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: unprivileged local access
devstral-2 · analyzed May 10, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by linnemanlabs · local
https://github.com/linnemanlabs/dirtyfrag-arm64

This repository contains a functional exploit PoC for CVE-2026-43284, an arm64/aarch64 port of the DirtyFrag vulnerability. It leverages the ESP/xfrm path to corrupt `/usr/bin/su` via page cache manipulation, achieving local privilege escalation (LPE).

Classification
Working Poc 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (6.17.0-1013-aws on Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: unprivileged user namespace creation enabled · ESP module loaded · arm64 architecture
devstral-2 · analyzed May 10, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WRITEUP
by metalx1993 · poc
https://github.com/metalx1993/dirtyfrag-patches

This repository provides kernel patches for the Dirty Frag vulnerability class (CVE-2026-43284 and CVE-2026-43500), which allows unprivileged local users to overwrite arbitrary bytes in the page cache of read-only files, leading to local privilege escalation. The README includes detailed technical analysis, patch application instructions, and mitigation steps.

Classification
Writeup 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions 4.10 to 6.x for CVE-2026-43284, 6.4 to upstream for CVE-2026-43500)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to the system · Kernel version within affected range
devstral-2 · analyzed May 10, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WRITEUP
by lr1458644438 · poc
https://github.com/lr1458644438/Dirty-Frag-Analysis

This repository provides an in-depth technical analysis of CVE-2026-43284 (Dirty Frag), detailing the root cause, exploit flow, and reverse engineering of the PoC. It includes a comprehensive breakdown of the xfrm-ESP page-cache write vulnerability and its exploitation mechanism.

Classification
Writeup 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (specific versions not specified)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to the target system · Ability to create user and network namespaces · CAP_NET_ADMIN capability within the namespace
devstral-2 · analyzed May 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WRITEUP
by mym0us3r · poc
https://github.com/mym0us3r/DIRTY-FRAG-Detection-with-Wazuh-4.14.4

This repository provides a detailed technical analysis and detection rules for CVE-2026-43284 and CVE-2026-43500, focusing on behavioral detection via Wazuh and auditd. It includes in-depth explanations of the exploit chain, affected systems, and mitigation strategies.

Classification
Writeup 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (various distributions)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged user access · Linux kernel with vulnerable code paths
devstral-2 · analyzed May 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec SUSPICIOUS
by attaattaatta · poc
https://github.com/attaattaatta/CVE-2026-43284

The repository claims to provide a mitigation tool for CVE-2026-43284 but lacks actual exploit code, instead pushing external downloads via bit.ly links. The README is vague and focuses on marketing-like language rather than technical details.

Classification
Suspicious 90%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Theoretical
Target: Linux kernel (esp4, esp6, rxrpc modules)
Auth required
Prerequisites: root access · Linux kernel with vulnerable modules loaded
devstral-2 · analyzed May 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WRITEUP
by suominen · poc
https://github.com/suominen/CVE-2026-43284

This repository is a tracking document for CVE-2026-43284, a Linux kernel local privilege escalation chain involving page-cache write vulnerabilities in xfrm-ESP and RxRPC. It provides detailed technical context, update workflows, and conventions for tracking fixes across various distributions and platforms.

Classification
Writeup 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (specific versions affected by xfrm-ESP and RxRPC vulnerabilities)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to a vulnerable Linux system · Kernel modules (esp4, esp6, rxrpc) loaded or loadable
devstral-2 · analyzed May 09, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by 0xBlackash · poc
https://github.com/0xBlackash/CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a functional exploit for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging a vulnerability in the Linux kernel's XFRM subsystem to achieve local privilege escalation. The exploit uses a crafted Netlink message to overwrite the `/usr/bin/su` binary with a malicious ELF payload, granting root access.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux Kernel (specific version not specified)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: User namespace and network namespace access · Ability to execute code on the target system
devstral-2 · analyzed May 09, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by 6abc · cpoc
https://github.com/6abc/Copy-Fail-CVE-2026-31431-dirty-frag-CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains functional exploit code for CVE-2026-43284, leveraging a Linux kernel vulnerability in the crypto subsystem. The exploit uses splice() to manipulate page-cache references of read-only files (e.g., /usr/bin/su) and achieves privilege escalation by overwriting the target binary with a malicious ELF payload.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (multiple distributions)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux kernel with vulnerable crypto subsystem · Access to splice() syscall · Read-only file (e.g., /usr/bin/su)
devstral-2 · analyzed May 17, 2026 Full analysis →
github WORKING POC
by KaraZajac · cpoc
https://github.com/KaraZajac/DIRTYFAIL

DIRTYFAIL is a unified detector and PoC harness for the Copy Fail and Dirty Frag Linux page-cache write vulnerability families, including CVE-2026-43284. It provides detection and exploitation capabilities for three CVEs, with a focus on achieving root shell access through deterministic logic flaws in the kernel's page-cache handling.

Classification
Working Poc 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Moderate
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (specific versions affected by CVE-2026-31431, CVE-2026-43284, CVE-2026-43500)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Unprivileged user access · Vulnerable Linux kernel version · Readable target file in page-cache (e.g., /etc/passwd)
devstral-2 · analyzed May 08, 2026 Full analysis →
nomisec WORKING POC
by scriptzteam · poc
https://github.com/scriptzteam/Paranoid-Dirty-Frag-CVE-2026-43284

This repository contains a mitigation script for CVE-2026-43284, which blocks and unloads vulnerable kernel modules (esp4, esp6, rxrpc) to prevent exploitation of the Dirty Frag vulnerability. The script writes a modprobe configuration to blacklist these modules and verifies their unloading status.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Other
Complexity
Trivial
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (modules: esp4, esp6, rxrpc)
Auth required
Prerequisites: root or sudo access to modify /etc/modprobe.d and unload kernel modules
devstral-2 · analyzed May 09, 2026 Full analysis →
vulncheck_xdb WORKING POC
local
https://github.com/6abc/Copy-Fail-CVE-2026-31431

The exploit leverages a Linux kernel crypto subsystem vulnerability (CVE-2026-31431) via splice() to manipulate page-cache references of read-only files (e.g., setuid binaries) for privilege escalation. It crafts malicious socket options and sends a payload to overwrite /usr/bin/su with a decompressed shellcode, then executes it.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions 6.12.0-6.19.11)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux system with vulnerable kernel · Ability to execute unprivileged code
devstral-2 · analyzed Jun 04, 2026 Full analysis →
vulncheck_xdb WORKING POC
local
https://github.com/guiimoraes/CVE-2026-31431

This repository contains a functional exploit for a Linux kernel vulnerability (likely related to ESP-in-UDP encryption and splice operations) that achieves local privilege escalation (LPE) by manipulating encrypted traffic to flip bits in target files. The exploit uses AES-GCM/ECB operations, user namespace setup, and socket operations to gain root access.

Classification
Working Poc 95%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (version not explicitly specified, but likely recent)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Linux system with vulnerable kernel · unprivileged user access · libcrypto (OpenSSL) installed · CAP_NET_ADMIN capability or ability to create user namespaces
devstral-2 · analyzed Jun 04, 2026 Full analysis →
metasploit WORKING POC GOOD
by Hyunwoo Kim, Giovanni Heward · rubypoc
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/local/cve_2026_43284_dirty_frag.rb

This Metasploit module exploits CVE-2026-43284, a Linux kernel page-cache write vulnerability in the IPsec/xfrm subsystem, allowing local privilege escalation by overwriting a SUID binary. It leverages a race condition in ESP fragmentation handling to gain write access to read-only pages.

Classification
Working Poc 100%
Attack Type
Lpe
Complexity
Complex
Reliability
Reliable
Target: Linux kernel (versions 4.10 and later)
No auth needed
Prerequisites: Local access to the target system · Presence of vulnerable kernel modules (esp/ipcomp) · Writable directory for exploit files
devstral-2 · analyzed May 21, 2026 Full analysis →

Scores

CVSS v3 8.8
EPSS 0.9216
EPSS Percentile 99.8%
Attack Vector LOCAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CISA SSVC

Vulnrichment
Exploitation poc
Automatable no
Technical Impact total

Details

VulnCheck KEV 2026-05-11
CWE
CWE-123
Status published
Products (24)
Linux/Linux < 4.11
Linux/Linux 4.11
Linux/Linux 5.10.255 - 5.10.*
Linux/Linux 5.15.205 - 5.15.*
Linux/Linux 5.15.206 - 5.15.*
Linux/Linux 6.1.171 - 6.1.*
Linux/Linux 6.1.172 - 6.1.*
Linux/Linux 6.12.87 - 6.12.*
Linux/Linux 6.18.28 - 6.18.*
Linux/Linux 6.6.138 - 6.6.*
... and 14 more
Published May 08, 2026
Tracked Since May 08, 2026