CVE-2026-25989
7.5
HIGH
EPSS 0.00
ImageMagick <7.1.2-15/6.9.13-40 - DoS
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40, a crafted SVG file can cause a denial of service. An off-by-one boundary check (`>` instead of `>=`) that allows bypass the guard and reach an undefined `(size_t)` cast. Versions 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40 contain a patch.
CWE-193
Feb 24, 2026
CVE-2026-21870
5.5
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
BACnet Protocol Stack <1.5.0.rc2 - Buffer Overflow
BACnet Protocol Stack library provides a BACnet application layer, network layer and media access (MAC) layer communications services. In 1.4.2, 1.5.0.rc2, and earlier, an off-by-one stack-based buffer overflow in the ubasic interpreter causes a crash (SIGABRT) when processing string literals longer than the buffer limit. The tokenizer_string function in src/bacnet/basic/program/ubasic/tokenizer.c incorrectly handles null termination for maximum-length strings. It writes a null byte to dest[40] when the buffer size is only 40 (indices 0-39), triggering a stack overflow.
CWE-193
Feb 13, 2026
CVE-2025-71161
5.5
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
Linux kernel - DoS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
dm-verity: disable recursive forward error correction
There are two problems with the recursive correction:
1. It may cause denial-of-service. In fec_read_bufs, there is a loop that
has 253 iterations. For each iteration, we may call verity_hash_for_block
recursively. There is a limit of 4 nested recursions - that means that
there may be at most 253^4 (4 billion) iterations. Red Hat QE team
actually created an image that pushes dm-verity to this limit - and this
image just makes the udev-worker process get stuck in the 'D' state.
2. It doesn't work. In fec_read_bufs we store data into the variable
"fio->bufs", but fio bufs is shared between recursive invocations, if
"verity_hash_for_block" invoked correction recursively, it would
overwrite partially filled fio->bufs.
CWE-193
Jan 23, 2026
CVE-2026-21504
6.6
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
Color Iccdev < 2.3.1.2 - Out-of-Bounds Write
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools that allow for the interaction, manipulation, and application of ICC color management profiles. Prior to version 2.3.1.2, iccDEV is vulnerable to heap buffer overflow in the ToneMap parser. This issue has been patched in version 2.3.1.2.
CWE-787
Jan 07, 2026
CVE-2022-50428
5.5
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
Linux kernel - Buffer Overflow
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: fix off-by-one errors in fast-commit block filling
Due to several different off-by-one errors, or perhaps due to a late
change in design that wasn't fully reflected in the code that was
actually merged, there are several very strange constraints on how
fast-commit blocks are filled with tlv entries:
- tlvs must start at least 10 bytes before the end of the block, even
though the minimum tlv length is 8. Otherwise, the replay code will
ignore them. (BUG: ext4_fc_reserve_space() could violate this
requirement if called with a len of blocksize - 9 or blocksize - 8.
Fortunately, this doesn't seem to happen currently.)
- tlvs must end at least 1 byte before the end of the block. Otherwise
the replay code will consider them to be invalid. This quirk
contributed to a bug (fixed by an earlier commit) where uninitialized
memory was being leaked to disk in the last byte of blocks.
Also, strangely these constraints don't apply to the replay code in
e2fsprogs, which will accept any tlvs in the blocks (with no bounds
checks at all, but that is a separate issue...).
Given that this all seems to be a bug, let's fix it by just filling
blocks with tlv entries in the natural way.
Note that old kernels will be unable to replay fast-commit journals
created by kernels that have this commit.
CWE-193
Oct 01, 2025
CVE-2025-4582
7.1
HIGH
EPSS 0.00
RTI Connext Professional < 6.1.2.26 - Buffer Over-read
Buffer Over-read, Off-by-one Error vulnerability in RTI Connext Professional (Core Libraries) allows File Manipulation, Overread Buffers.This issue affects Connext Professional: from 7.4.0 before 7.6.0, from 7.0.0 before 7.3.0.8, from 6.1.0 before 6.1.2.26, from 6.0.0 before 6.0.*, from 5.3.0 before 5.3.*, from 4.4a before 5.2.*.
CWE-126
Sep 23, 2025
CVE-2025-38600
5.5
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
Linux Kernel - Out-of-Bounds Access
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: mt76: mt7925: fix off by one in mt7925_mcu_hw_scan()
The ssid->ssids[] and sreq->ssids[] arrays have MT7925_RNR_SCAN_MAX_BSSIDS
elements so this >= needs to be > to prevent an out of bounds access.
CWE-193
Aug 19, 2025
CVE-2025-47711
6.5
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
nbdkit - DoS
There's a flaw in the nbdkit server when handling responses from its plugins regarding the status of data blocks. If a client makes a specific request for a very large data range, and a plugin responds with an even larger single block, the nbdkit server can encounter a critical internal error, leading to a denial-of-service.
CWE-193
Jun 09, 2025
CVE-2023-53143
5.5
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
Linux kernel - Info Disclosure
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: fix another off-by-one fsmap error on 1k block filesystems
Apparently syzbot figured out that issuing this FSMAP call:
struct fsmap_head cmd = {
.fmh_count = ...;
.fmh_keys = {
{ .fmr_device = /* ext4 dev */, .fmr_physical = 0, },
{ .fmr_device = /* ext4 dev */, .fmr_physical = 0, },
},
...
};
ret = ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFSMAP, &cmd);
Produces this crash if the underlying filesystem is a 1k-block ext4
filesystem:
kernel BUG at fs/ext4/ext4.h:3331!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
CPU: 3 PID: 3227965 Comm: xfs_io Tainted: G W O 6.2.0-rc8-achx
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:ext4_mb_load_buddy_gfp+0x47c/0x570 [ext4]
RSP: 0018:ffffc90007c03998 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffff888004978000 RBX: ffffc90007c03a20 RCX: ffff888041618000
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000000005a4 RDI: ffffffffa0c99b11
RBP: ffff888012330000 R08: ffffffffa0c2b7d0 R09: 0000000000000400
R10: ffffc90007c03950 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000001
R13: 00000000ffffffff R14: 0000000000000c40 R15: ffff88802678c398
FS: 00007fdf2020c880(0000) GS:ffff88807e100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007ffd318a5fe8 CR3: 000000007f80f001 CR4: 00000000001706e0
Call Trace:
<TASK>
ext4_mballoc_query_range+0x4b/0x210 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
ext4_getfsmap_datadev+0x713/0x890 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
ext4_getfsmap+0x2b7/0x330 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
ext4_ioc_getfsmap+0x153/0x2b0 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
__ext4_ioctl+0x2a7/0x17e0 [ext4 dfa189daddffe8fecd3cdfd00564e0f265a8ab80]
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x82/0xa0
do_syscall_64+0x2b/0x80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
RIP: 0033:0x7fdf20558aff
RSP: 002b:00007ffd318a9e30 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00000000000200c0 RCX: 00007fdf20558aff
RDX: 00007fdf1feb2010 RSI: 00000000c0c0583b RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 00005625c0634be0 R08: 00005625c0634c40 R09: 0000000000000001
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fdf1feb2010
R13: 00005625be70d994 R14: 0000000000000800 R15: 0000000000000000
For GETFSMAP calls, the caller selects a physical block device by
writing its block number into fsmap_head.fmh_keys[01].fmr_device.
To query mappings for a subrange of the device, the starting byte of the
range is written to fsmap_head.fmh_keys[0].fmr_physical and the last
byte of the range goes in fsmap_head.fmh_keys[1].fmr_physical.
IOWs, to query what mappings overlap with bytes 3-14 of /dev/sda, you'd
set the inputs as follows:
fmh_keys[0] = { .fmr_device = major(8, 0), .fmr_physical = 3},
fmh_keys[1] = { .fmr_device = major(8, 0), .fmr_physical = 14},
Which would return you whatever is mapped in the 12 bytes starting at
physical offset 3.
The crash is due to insufficient range validation of keys[1] in
ext4_getfsmap_datadev. On 1k-block filesystems, block 0 is not part of
the filesystem, which means that s_first_data_block is nonzero.
ext4_get_group_no_and_offset subtracts this quantity from the blocknr
argument before cracking it into a group number and a block number
within a group. IOWs, block group 0 spans blocks 1-8192 (1-based)
instead of 0-8191 (0-based) like what happens with larger blocksizes.
The net result of this encoding is that blocknr < s_first_data_block is
not a valid input to this function. The end_fsb variable is set from
the keys that are copied from userspace, which means that in the above
example, its value is zero. That leads to an underflow here:
blocknr = blocknr - le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_data_block);
The division then operates on -1:
offset = do_div(blocknr, EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb)) >>
EXT4_SB(sb)->s_cluster_bits;
Leaving an impossibly large group number (2^32-1) in blocknr.
ext4_getfsmap_check_keys checked that keys[0
---truncated---
CWE-193
May 02, 2025
CVE-2025-23150
5.5
MEDIUM
EPSS 0.00
Linux Kernel < 4.5 - Use After Free
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: fix off-by-one error in do_split
Syzkaller detected a use-after-free issue in ext4_insert_dentry that was
caused by out-of-bounds access due to incorrect splitting in do_split.
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ext4_insert_dentry+0x36a/0x6d0 fs/ext4/namei.c:2109
Write of size 251 at addr ffff888074572f14 by task syz-executor335/5847
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5847 Comm: syz-executor335 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc6-syzkaller-00318-ga9cda7c0ffed #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/30/2024
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:120
print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:377 [inline]
print_report+0x169/0x550 mm/kasan/report.c:488
kasan_report+0x143/0x180 mm/kasan/report.c:601
kasan_check_range+0x282/0x290 mm/kasan/generic.c:189
__asan_memcpy+0x40/0x70 mm/kasan/shadow.c:106
ext4_insert_dentry+0x36a/0x6d0 fs/ext4/namei.c:2109
add_dirent_to_buf+0x3d9/0x750 fs/ext4/namei.c:2154
make_indexed_dir+0xf98/0x1600 fs/ext4/namei.c:2351
ext4_add_entry+0x222a/0x25d0 fs/ext4/namei.c:2455
ext4_add_nondir+0x8d/0x290 fs/ext4/namei.c:2796
ext4_symlink+0x920/0xb50 fs/ext4/namei.c:3431
vfs_symlink+0x137/0x2e0 fs/namei.c:4615
do_symlinkat+0x222/0x3a0 fs/namei.c:4641
__do_sys_symlink fs/namei.c:4662 [inline]
__se_sys_symlink fs/namei.c:4660 [inline]
__x64_sys_symlink+0x7a/0x90 fs/namei.c:4660
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
</TASK>
The following loop is located right above 'if' statement.
for (i = count-1; i >= 0; i--) {
/* is more than half of this entry in 2nd half of the block? */
if (size + map[i].size/2 > blocksize/2)
break;
size += map[i].size;
move++;
}
'i' in this case could go down to -1, in which case sum of active entries
wouldn't exceed half the block size, but previous behaviour would also do
split in half if sum would exceed at the very last block, which in case of
having too many long name files in a single block could lead to
out-of-bounds access and following use-after-free.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.
CWE-193
May 01, 2025